Modals (basic)

Puntos esenciales referidos a todos los modales (es sólo un breve recordatorio de lo más básico, en castellano, con ejemplos y unos cuantos ejercicios para practicar):

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Relative clauses

We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.

How to Form Relative Clauses

Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her. You could say:

A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?

That sounds rather complicated, doesn’t it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing  – you want to know who the girl is.

Present Perfect

Su estructura es: SUJETO + have/has + PARTICIPIO y lo utilizamos para hablar de una acción que dura hasta el presente o cuyo efecto se tiene en cuenta en el momento de hablar (up to now). Suele utilizarse con estos adverbios:

Will / Going to

Just a summary contrasting both expressions:

WILL
1. Decision just made 
Oh, there is a fire: I’ll call the police immediately!
2. Predictions about the future (Science, weather forecast, fortune teller…)                  
We’ll have sun and fine weather tomorrow.
3. Opinion (I think…/In my opinion,…/I’m sure…/I’m afraid…)
I’m sure you’ll pass; don’t worry!
4. Offers
I’ll help you with your homework.

More Reported Speech

Some reported speech exercises (with grammar explanations) for you to practice. Some of them can be checked online and some are in PDF format.

•englisch-hilfen (online; graduated from the easiest to the most difficult)

•perfect-english-grammar (online and pdf; ordered by difficulty)

Connection #2

Find the connection between the image above and the image below.

The Matrix

The Matrix is a 1999 so-called “cyberpunk” Sci-Fi action film, written and directed by The Wachowskis, that depicts a dystopian future in which reality as perceived by most humans is actually a simulated reality called “the Matrix”, created by sentient machines to subdue the human population, while their bodies’ heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. Computer programmer Neo learns this truth and is drawn into a rebellion against the machines, which involves other people who have been freed from the “dream world.”